*FIRST POST
(Bahasa Inggris)
Nama : Chitra Dewi Sitorus
Kelas / NPM :
4EA10 / 19210476
BUSINESS
WHAT IS BUSINESS ?
Business is a word that is commonly used in many
different languages. But exactly what does it mean ?the concepts and activities
of bisiness have increased in modern times. Traditionally, business simply
meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed. One definition of
business is the production, distribution, and sale of goods and services for a
profit. To examine this definition, we will look at its various part.
First, production is the creation of services or the
changing of materials into products. One example is the conversion of iron into
metal car parts. Next, these products need to be moved from the factory to the
market place. This is known as distribution. A car might be moved from a
factory in Detroit to a car dealership in Miami.
Third is the sale of goods and services. Sale is the
exchange of a product or service of money. A car is sold to someone in exchange
for money. Goods are products the people either need or want. For example, cars
be classified as goods. Services, on the other hand, are activities that a
person or group performs for another person or organization. For instance, an
auto mechanic performs a service when he repairs a car. A doctor also performs
a service by taking care of people when they are sick.
Business, then is a combination of all these
activities : production, distribution, and sale. However, there is one other
important factor. This factor is the creation of profit or economic surplus. A
major goal in the functioning of an American business company is making a
profit. Profit is the money that remairs after all the expenses are paid.
Creating an economic surplus or profit is, therefore, a primary goal of
business activity.
*THE SECOND INSCRIPTION
THE
TARGET MARKET
The marketing strategies of determining
product, placement, and promotion are not planned in isolation. Marketing
analysis often look at a combination of these four factors. This combination of
the four P’s is known as the marketing mix. The elements of the marketing mix
focus on the consumer. In order to develop a successful marketing mix,
researchers first ask two important questions ;
1) Who
is going to buy the product ?
2) What
is the potential to sell this product?
The group of customers or consumers who
will probably buy the product is known as the target market. The company
directs its marketing efforts toward this group of potential customers who from
the target market. Once market researchers have determined the target market
they wish to appeal to, the company can develop an appropriate mix of product
price, placement, and promotion. The company attempts to match consumer needs
or mold consumer desires to the product being offered.
A successful marketing mix depends on
the knowledge about consumers and their buying habits, gained through market
research as well correct identification of target market. Strategies of
product, price, placement, and promotion are blanded in order to reach a chosen
group of consumers.
*THE THIRD POSTS
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Management
plays a vital role in any business or organized activity. Management is
composed of a team of managers who have charge of the organization at all
levels. Their duties include making sure company objectives are met and seeing
that the business operates efficiently. Regardless of the specific job, most
managers perform four basic functions:
·
Planning
·
Organizing
·
Directing
·
Controlling
Planning
involves determining overall company objectivies and deciding how these goals
can best be achieved. Managers evaluate alternative plans before choosing a
specific course of action and then check to see that the chosen plan fits into
the objectivies established at higher organizational levels. Planning is listed
as the first management function because the others depend on it. However, even
as managers move on to perform other managerial fumctions, planning continues
as goals and alternatives are further evaluated and revised.
Organizing,
the second management function, is the process of putting the plan into action.
This involves allocating resources, especially human resources, so that be
overall objectives can be attained. In this phase, ated duties and
responsibilities. Staffing, choosing the right person for the right job, may
also be included as part of the organizing function.
Third
is the day-to-day direction and supervision of employees. In directing,
managers guide, teach, and motivate workes so that they reach their potential
abilities and at the same time achieve the company goals that were established
in the planning process. Effective direction, or supervision, by managers
requires on going communication with employees.
In
the last management function, controlling, managers evaluate how well company
objectivies are being met. In order to complete this evaluation, managers must
look at the objectivies established in the planning phase and at how well the
tasks assigned in the directing phase are being complete. If major problems
exist and goals are not being achieved, then changes need to be made in the
company’s organizational, or managerial, structure. In making changes, managers
might have to go back and replan, reorganize, and redirect.
In
order to adequately and efficiently perform these management functions,
managers need interpersonal, organizational, and technical skills. Although all
four functions are managerial duties, the importance of each may vary,
depending on the situation. Effective mangers meet the objectivies of the
company through a successful combination of planning, organizing, directing,
and controlling.
*FOURTH
POSTS
MARKETING
(THE FOUR P’S)
Buying
selling, market research, transportation, storage, advertising, these are all
part of the complex area of business known as marketing. In simple terms,
marketing means the movement of goods and services from manufacturer to
customer in order to satisfy the customer and to achieve the company’s
objectivies. Marketing can be devoded into four main elements that are populary
known as the four P’s :
Ø Product
Ø Price
Ø Placement
Ø Promotion
Each
one plays a vital role in the success or failure of the marketing operation.
The
product element of marketing refers to the good or service that a company wants
to sell. This often involves research and development a new product, research
of the potential market, testing of the product to insure quality and then
introduction to the market.
The third element of the marketing
process-placement-involves getting the product to the customer. This takes
place through the channels of distribution. A common channel of distribution
is;
Manufacture --> wholesaler -->
retailer -->
customer
Wholesalers
generally sell large quantities of a product to retailers, and retailers
usually sell smaller quantities to customers.
Finally,
communication about the product takes place between buyer and seller. This
communication between buyer and seller is known as promotion. There are two
major ways promotion occurs; through personal selling, as in a department
store, and through advertising, as in a newspaper or magazine.
The
four elements of marketing – product, price, placement, and promotion, work
together to develop a successful marketing operation that satisfies customers
and achieves the company’s objectivies.
*FIVE POSTS
CRITERIA FOR A
GOOD PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Definition of
Project Management is the application of expertise , knowledge and skills ,
both technically with the use of limited resources to achieve the goals set ,
in order to get the highest performance , time , quality and optimum safety .
In project
management , the need for a focused and good management , because a project has
limitations that the ultimate goal of the project can be achieved . that must be managed in a project that is of
quality , cost , time , safety and health , environmental , resource , risk and
information systems .
There are three
major things that are reviewed in this article project management , to create a
course of a project , namely :
1 . PLANNING
In order to achieve
an objective , the project needs a well-planned design . By providing project goals and
objectives while making administration and programs , in order to be applied .
With the aim to meet all requirements specified in the time constraints ,
including cost, quality and safety . Planning a project undertaken by way of
conducting feasibility studies , value engineering.
2 . SCHEDULING
Scheduling
Project Management is the application of planning by providing knowledge about
the plans and progress of the project schedule , and includes all the resources
there , including costs , equipment , labor , material and timely in completing
the project . Project
scheduling is done by observing the development of projects with a variety of
problems.
3 . CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT PROJECT
The main
objective of the project by reducing or eliminating any form of irregularities
that might occur during the execution of development projects . The goal of the project is to
empower control the entire time , quality , cost and safety projects maintained
, as well as having appropriate criteria as a benchmark . All activities
undertaken during the control process is inspection , supervision and
correction re the project during the implementation process .
Good project management is to manage and organize a variety of assets , human
resources , time and quality of work of the project , so the project produces
maximum quality within the planned time and give effect to the welfare of
employees.
The characteristics of a good project
management :
a) Rapid development , good quality and
cheap price .
b) Pleasant working atmosphere , compact and a mutual respect
among co-workers , superiors , and subordinates by superiors to subordinates .
c) The Manager in project management
can act as a leader .
d) Fulfillment of the rights and
responsibilities of employees well .
e) and another which if well
A good project management will be able to complete construction of the project
in a short time schedule is less than a maximum contract or no experience
delays , cost control but it also must be done properly so as to get maximum
benefit , plus the good quality of the buildings is also a key project
management because it could also be a marketing activity for a so easy to get a
building project that is ready to work .
Type A Project Management
1. Type of project
management based on the main activity component and the end result :
Construction projects . For example in the form of buildings , construction of
bridges and highways .
2. Manufacturing
Industry Project . Form of project design activities so a result ( product )
3. New Product
Development Project . It is a combination of research and development projects
with capital intensive projects .
4. Infrastructure projects . Supplying
the needs of the wider community in terms of transport infrastructure ,
reservoirs , power plants , telecommunication installations and supply of
drinking water sources .
5. Research and Development Project .
Can we call a research and development , until the occurrence of an outcome and
the goal is to enhance or improve a service , product or particular method .
